Fundamental Rights MCQs

X is right that ordinances, orders, rules and regulations can fall within Article 13, but wrong to exclude every custom. Article 13(3)(a) expressly also covers custom or usage having the force of law, so this option wrongly endorses X’s complete interpretation.

Y’s point follows the express text of Article 13(3)(a). The qualification matters: the provision covers custom or usage having the force of law, not every social habit or personal preference.

The speakers agree on part of the definition, but X rejects an element expressly included in Article 13. Therefore both complete positions cannot be correct: Y correctly identifies legally operative custom or usage.

Incorrect. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on specified grounds. While it has a tangential connection to privacy, the Court did not ground the right to privacy primarily in this Article.

Incorrect. Article 16 deals with equality of opportunity in public employment and is not the constitutional basis for the right to privacy.

Incorrect. While Article 19 freedoms support privacy indirectly, the nine-judge bench in Puttaswamy rooted the right to privacy primarily in Article 21.

Incorrect. Statement II is false because Article 335 does not define 'efficiency of administration'; it only uses the term without providing a definition.

Incorrect. Statement II is false. Article 335 mentions the consideration of efficiency but does not define the term.

Incorrect. Statement I is correct as confirmed by Supreme Court judgments. Statement II is incorrect because Article 335 does not contain a definition of 'efficiency of administration.'

Incorrect. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It is not the primary constitutional basis for the right to privacy.

Incorrect. While Article 19 freedoms have a peripheral connection to privacy, the Supreme Court in Puttaswamy grounded the right to privacy primarily in Article 21.

Incorrect. Article 29 deals with the protection of interests of minorities, not with the right to privacy.

Incorrect. Article 28 deals with freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions, not with executive discretion.

Incorrect. Article 32 provides for the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights. It is a remedial provision, not one that is directly violated by unguided discretion.

Incorrect. Article 44 is a Directive Principle directing the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code. It has nothing to do with unguided administrative discretion.

Incorrect. Article 300A uses the word 'person,' not 'citizen.' The protection extends to all persons, including non-citizens.

Incorrect. The right to property ceased to be a Fundamental Right after the 44th Amendment (1978). It is no longer in Part III of the Constitution.

Incorrect. While no longer a fundamental right, it is still a constitutional and legal right under Article 300A.

Incorrect. The Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24) deals with trafficking, forced labour, and child labour, not untouchability.

Incorrect. The Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22) deals with personal freedoms, protection against conviction, and life and liberty, not untouchability.

Incorrect. The Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) deals with enforcement of fundamental rights through the Supreme Court, not specifically with untouchability.

Incorrect. Article 19 deals with six freedoms including speech, assembly, and movement but does not specifically protect the right to choose a marriage partner.

Incorrect. Article 25 deals with freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise, and propagate religion, not specifically the right to marry.

Incorrect. Article 29 deals with the protection of interests of minorities and conservation of their language, script, and culture.

Incorrect. Article 14 deals with equality, and the 42nd Amendment largely concerns Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties. Neither captures the constitutional basis of the right to privacy.

Incorrect. Article 17 abolishes untouchability and the DPSPs in Part IV are non-justiciable. Neither is the basis for the right to privacy.

Incorrect. Article 24 prohibits child labour, and the 44th Amendment primarily dealt with the right to property and emergency provisions. Neither is the basis for the right to privacy.

Incorrect. Abolition of untouchability (Statement 2) falls under the Right to Equality (Article 17), not the Right against Exploitation.

Incorrect. Neither abolition of untouchability (Article 17, Right to Equality) nor protection of minorities (Articles 29-30, Cultural and Educational Rights) falls under the Right against Exploitation.

Incorrect. Only Statements 1 and 4 belong to the Right against Exploitation. Untouchability abolition is under Right to Equality, and minority protection is under Cultural and Educational Rights.

Incomplete. The UDHR also covers the right to equal access to public service (Article 21) and the right to an adequate standard of living including food (Article 25).

Incomplete. The right to food is also covered under the UDHR as part of the right to an adequate standard of living under Article 25.

Incomplete. The UDHR also covers education (Article 26) and equal access to public service (Article 21).

Incomplete. Statement 3 is also correct because minorities can benefit from the Prime Minister's 15-Point Programme for the welfare of minorities.

Incorrect. Statement 2 is false because there is no constitutional provision for automatic nomination of a minority representative to the Lok Sabha. Statement 1 is also correct.

Incorrect. Statement 2 is false. The Constitution does not provide for automatic nomination of minority community representatives to the Lok Sabha.