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Q1Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2026
Tungurahua Volcano, which was declared a Global Geopark by UNESCO in 2025, is situated in which one among the following countries?
- AEcuadorCorrect
- BPeru
- CBolivia
- DColombia
Explanation
UPSC provisional key: (A), Series A question 31. Tungurahua Volcano UNESCO Global Geopark is in Ecuador’s Andes. UNESCO recognised it in 2025 alongside Napo Sumaco, also in Ecuador. A Global Geopark designation concerns a managed area of geological heritage, education and sustainable development; it is not the same designation as a World Heritage Site.
Sources: UPSC provisional answer key · UNESCO — Ecuador Adds Two New Global Geoparks,2025
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Peru is also an Andean country, which makes it a plausible regional distractor. But UNESCO’s 2025 announcement places Tungurahua Volcano in Ecuador, not Peru.
- Option C
Bolivia’s position in the Andes does not identify this particular geopark. The correct country is Ecuador, as stated in UNESCO’s designation announcement.
- Option D
Colombia is Ecuador’s northern neighbour and shares the Andean chain. Nevertheless, Tungurahua Volcano and the named 2025 geopark lie in Ecuador, so regional similarity is not enough.
Q2Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2025
Consider the following pairs:
Region - Country
1. Mallorca - Italy
2. Normandy - Spain
3. Sardinia - France
In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll the three
- DNoneCorrect
Explanation
Correct. Mallorca belongs to Spain, Normandy is a region of France, and Sardinia is part of Italy. Since each pair assigns the wrong country, none is correctly matched.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Mallorca belongs to Spain, Normandy is a region of France, and Sardinia is part of Italy. Only one might seem tempting, but every single pairing assigns the wrong country.
- Option B
Each of the three regions has been matched to the wrong country, so two correct is not possible.
- Option C
All three are incorrectly matched: Mallorca is Spanish, Normandy is French, and Sardinia is Italian.
Q3Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2025
Consider the following countries:
1. The UK
2. Australia
3. Brazil
How many of the above countries have more than four time zones?
- AAll the five
- BOnly four
- COnly threeCorrect
- DOnly two
Explanation
Correct. The UK (through overseas territories), Australia (mainland plus external territories), and Brazil each span more than four time zones when all territories are included.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
The original question listed five countries including Denmark and New Zealand. Not all five have more than four time zones.
- Option B
Four is not the right count based on the actual time zone coverage of these nations.
- Option D
All three of these countries have more than four time zones.
Q4Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2025
Consider the following water bodies:
1. Lake Tanganyika
2. Lake Tonle Sap
3. Patos Lagoon
Through how many of them does the equator pass?
- AOnly one
- BOnly two
- CAll the three
- DNoneCorrect
Explanation
Correct. Lake Tanganyika lies entirely south of the equator, Tonle Sap is in Cambodia well north of it, and Patos Lagoon in southern Brazil is also far south of the equator. None of the three is crossed by the equator.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Lake Tanganyika lies entirely south of the equator (roughly 3°S to 9°S), so even this one is not crossed by the equator.
- Option B
None of the three water bodies is intersected by the equator, so two is incorrect.
- Option C
All three lie away from the equator, so none is crossed by it.
Q5Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2024
Consider the following countries:
1. Finland
2. Germany
3. Norway
4. Russia
How many of the above countries have a border with the North Sea?
- AOnly one
- BOnly twoCorrect
- COnly three
- DAll four
Explanation
Correct. Germany and Norway border the North Sea. Finland borders the Baltic Sea and the Arctic Ocean, while Russia's European coast fronts the Baltic and Arctic seas, not the North Sea.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Two countries from the list border the North Sea, not just one.
- Option C
Finland and Russia do not have North Sea coastlines. Only Germany and Norway do.
- Option D
Finland lies on the Baltic Sea and Russia's European coast is on the Baltic and Arctic systems. Neither borders the North Sea.
Q6Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2024
The longest border between any two countries in the world is between:
- ACanada and the United States of AmericaCorrect
- BChile and Argentina
- CChina and India
- DKazakhstan and Russian Federation
Explanation
Correct. The Canada-United States boundary is the world's longest international border at about 8,891 km, including the Alaska-Canada segment.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
The Chile-Argentina border is long (roughly 5,300 km) but significantly shorter than the Canada-US boundary.
- Option C
The China-India border is approximately 3,488 km, much shorter than the Canada-US border.
- Option D
The Kazakhstan-Russia border is about 7,644 km — the second longest — but still shorter than the Canada-US boundary.
Q7Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2023
Consider the following countries:
1. Bulgaria
2. Czech Republic
3. Hungary
4. Latvia
5. Lithuania
6. Romania
How many of the above-mentioned countries share a land border with Ukraine?
- AOnly twoCorrect
- BOnly three
- COnly four
- DOnly five
Explanation
Correct. Ukraine shares land borders with Hungary and Romania among the listed countries. Bulgaria connects only via the Black Sea region without a direct land border, while Czech Republic, Latvia, and Lithuania do not directly border Ukraine.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Only Hungary and Romania from this list share a land border with Ukraine. Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Latvia and Lithuania do not.
- Option C
Four is too many. Several listed countries are separated from Ukraine by other nations.
- Option D
Five is incorrect. Most countries on the list do not directly border Ukraine.
Q8Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2022
Consider the following countries:
1. Azerbaijan
2. Kyrgyzstan
3. Tajikistan
4. Turkmenistan
5. Uzbekistan
Which of the above have borders with Afghanistan?
- A1, 2 and 5 only
- B1, 2, 3 and 4 only
- C3, 4 and 5 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2, 3 and 5
Explanation
Correct. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan share land borders with Afghanistan. Azerbaijan lies west of the Caspian and Kyrgyzstan is separated from Afghanistan by Tajikistan.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan do not border Afghanistan. Azerbaijan is on the western shore of the Caspian Sea and Kyrgyzstan lies to the north of Tajikistan, separated from Afghanistan by the Wakhan Corridor.
- Option B
Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan do not share a border with Afghanistan.
- Option D
Azerbaijan does not border Afghanistan; it lies across the Caspian.
Q9Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2020
Consider the following pairs:
River - Flows into
1. Mekong - Andaman Sea
2. Thames - Irish Sea
3. Volga - Caspian Sea
4. Zambezi - Indian Ocean
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
- A1 and 2 only
- B3 only
- C3 and 4 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation
Correct. The Volga drains into the Caspian Sea and the Zambezi empties into the Indian Ocean via the Mozambique Channel. The Mekong flows into the South China Sea and the Thames into the North Sea.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
The Mekong flows into the South China Sea, not the Andaman Sea. The Thames empties into the North Sea, not the Irish Sea.
- Option B
While the Volga does flow into the Caspian Sea, the Zambezi also correctly flows into the Indian Ocean through Mozambique.
- Option D
The Mekong enters the South China Sea and the Thames enters the North Sea, so pairs 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Q10Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2019
Consider the following pairs:
Sea - Bordering Country
1. Adriatic Sea - Albania
2. Black Sea - Croatia
3. Caspian Sea - Kazakhstan
4. Mediterranean Sea - Morocco
5. Red Sea - Syria
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
- A1, 2 and 4 only
- B1, 3 and 4 onlyCorrect
- C2 and 5 only
- D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Explanation
Correct. Albania borders the Adriatic Sea, Kazakhstan borders the Caspian Sea, and Morocco borders the Mediterranean Sea. Croatia does not border the Black Sea (it borders the Adriatic), and Syria does not border the Red Sea.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Croatia borders the Adriatic Sea, not the Black Sea. Pair 2 is incorrect.
- Option C
Croatia borders the Adriatic Sea, not the Black Sea. Syria is on the Mediterranean, not the Red Sea.
- Option D
Croatia does not border the Black Sea and Syria does not border the Red Sea, so not all five are correct.
Q11Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2018
Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely or dried up in the recent past due to human activities?
1. Aral Sea
2. Black Sea
3. Lake Baikal
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- A1 onlyCorrect
- B2 and 3
- C2 only
- D1 and 3
Explanation
Correct. The Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake, has shrunk drastically since the 1960s because the rivers Amu Darya and Syr Darya were diverted for Soviet irrigation projects.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
The Black Sea has not shrunk immensely due to human activities. It remains a large, connected body of water.
- Option C
The Black Sea has not experienced significant shrinkage from human activities.
- Option D
Lake Baikal, the world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake, has not dried up. While it faces pollution concerns, it has not shrunk immensely.
Q12Geography·Places in News and Map-Based GeographyPYQ 2018
Among the following cities, which one lies on a longitude closest to that of Delhi?
- ABengaluruCorrect
- BHyderabad
- CNagpur
- DPune
Explanation
Correct. Delhi is at approximately 77.2°E. Bengaluru is at roughly 77.6°E, making it the closest in longitude among the four cities.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Hyderabad is at approximately 78.5°E, farther from Delhi's longitude than Bengaluru.
- Option C
Nagpur lies at about 79.1°E, more than a degree east of Delhi's longitude.
- Option D
Pune is at roughly 73.9°E, more than three degrees west of Delhi's longitude.