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Q1Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2026
With reference to Madhav National Park, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It was declared a Tiger Reserve in India in 2025.
2. Sakhya Sagar, which is designated as a Ramsar Site, is situated within this National Park.
3. Its area is shared between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Select the answer using the code given below:
- A1 only
- B1 and 2Correct
- C2 and 3
- D3 only
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
The 2025 Tiger Reserve designation is correct, but Sakhya Sagar is also a Ramsar wetland inside Madhav National Park. Selecting only the designation overlooks the second independently correct fact.
- Option C
The Ramsar-site statement is correct, but the cross-state claim is not. A wildlife corridor linking different reserves across a region is different from a single park extending across a state boundary.
- Option D
The sole selected statement is false: Madhav is located in Madhya Pradesh. Its northern Central Indian landscape and connections toward Rajasthan should not be confused with joint state jurisdiction.
Q2Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2020
Which of the following are the most likely places to find the musk deer in its natural habitat?
1. Askot Wildlife Sanctuary
2. Gangotri National Park
3. Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
4. Manas National Park
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B2 and 3 only
- C3 and 4 only
- D1 and 4 only
Explanation
Correct. Musk deer inhabit high-altitude alpine scrub and forests of the Himalayas. Askot Wildlife Sanctuary (Uttarakhand) and Gangotri National Park (Uttarakhand) provide this habitat.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary is in the Terai lowlands of Uttar Pradesh, which is not suitable musk deer habitat.
- Option C
Neither Kishanpur (Terai lowlands) nor Manas (Assam floodplains) provides the high-altitude habitat musk deer require.
- Option D
Manas National Park is a lowland area in Assam. Musk deer are not typically found in such subtropical floodplain habitats.
Q3Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2020
Which of the following Protected Areas are located in Cauvery basin?
1. Nagarhole National Park
2. Papikonda National Park
3. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
4. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A1 and 2 only
- B3 and 4 only
- C1, 3 and 4 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
Correct. Nagarhole (Karnataka), Sathyamangalam (Tamil Nadu) and Wayanad (Kerala) are all in the Cauvery basin. Papikonda is in the Godavari basin.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Papikonda National Park lies in the Godavari basin in Andhra Pradesh, not in the Cauvery basin.
- Option B
Nagarhole National Park in Karnataka is also in the Cauvery basin, so excluding it is incorrect.
- Option D
Papikonda National Park is located along the Godavari river in Andhra Pradesh and does not fall within the Cauvery basin.
Q4Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2020
With reference to India's Desert National Park, which of the following statements are correct?
1. It is spread over two districts.
2. There is no human habitation inside the Park.
3. It is one of the natural habitats of the Great Indian Bustard.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. Desert National Park spans Jaisalmer and Barmer districts (statement 1) and is a key habitat of the Great Indian Bustard (statement 3). However, human settlements do exist inside the park (statement 2 is wrong).
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Statement 2 is incorrect. Desert National Park has villages and human settlements within its boundaries.
- Option B
Statement 1 is also correct. The park spans Jaisalmer and Barmer districts. Statement 2 is wrong as human habitation exists inside.
- Option D
Statement 2 is incorrect. Several villages and pastoral communities live within the boundaries of Desert National Park.
Q5Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2019
Consider the following statements:
1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.
2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention.
3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C3 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. Only statement 3 is correct. The rules do encompass catchment areas. The Ramsar Convention does not mandate protection of all wetlands (statement 1), and the rules derive from the EP Act, not Ramsar recommendations (statement 2).
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
The Ramsar Convention requires wise use of designated wetlands, not mandatory protection of all wetlands. Statement 1 is incorrect.
- Option B
The Wetlands Rules were framed under the Environment Protection Act, not based on Ramsar recommendations. Statement 2 is incorrect.
- Option D
Statements 1 and 2 are both incorrect. Ramsar obligations apply only to designated sites, and the rules were framed under domestic legislation.
Q6Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2019
Which one of the following National Parks lies completely in the temperate alpine zone?
- AManas National Park
- BNamdapha National Park
- CNeora Valley National Park
- DValley of Flowers National ParkCorrect
Explanation
Correct. Valley of Flowers National Park in Uttarakhand lies entirely at high elevations (3,200-6,675 m) in the temperate alpine zone of the Western Himalayas.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Manas National Park in Assam lies in the tropical and subtropical zone at the foothills of the Himalayas.
- Option B
Namdapha in Arunachal Pradesh ranges from tropical lowlands (~200 m) to snow-clad peaks (~4,500 m), covering multiple zones.
- Option C
Neora Valley in West Bengal spans subtropical to temperate zones but does not lie entirely in the alpine zone.
Q7Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2019
Which of the following are in Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve?
- ANeyyar, Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger ReserveCorrect
- BMudumalai, Sathyamangalam and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Silent Valley National Park
- CKaundinya, Gundla Brahmeswaram and Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Mukurthi National Park
- DKawal and Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuaries; and Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve
Explanation
Correct. Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve is located at the southern tip of the Western Ghats spanning Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It includes Neyyar, Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries and Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
These protected areas are in the Nilgiri region, far north of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.
- Option C
These protected areas are in Andhra Pradesh and the Nilgiris, not in the Agasthyamala region at the southern tip of the Western Ghats.
- Option D
These are in the Deccan Plateau region of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, not in the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.
Q8Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2018
In which of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located?
- AArunachal PradeshCorrect
- BManipur
- CMeghalaya
- DNagaland
Explanation
Correct. Pakhui (Pakke) Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. It is known for its hornbill conservation efforts.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Manipur is home to Keibul Lamjao National Park, not Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary.
- Option C
Meghalaya hosts Nokrek National Park and Balpakram National Park, not Pakhui.
- Option D
Nagaland has Intanki National Park and Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary, not Pakhui.
Q9Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2015
Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?
- ABhitarkanika National Park
- BKeibul Lamjao National ParkCorrect
- CKeoladeo Ghana National Park
- DSultanpur National Park
Explanation
Correct. Keibul Lamjao National Park in Manipur, located on Loktak Lake, is the only floating national park in the world. Its phumdis (floating vegetation mats) support the endangered Sangai deer.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Bhitarkanika in Odisha is known for its mangrove ecosystem and saltwater crocodiles, not floating vegetation swamps.
- Option C
Keoladeo Ghana in Rajasthan is a wetland bird sanctuary, not a floating vegetation swamp.
- Option D
Sultanpur National Park in Haryana is a bird sanctuary around a lake, not a floating swamp ecosystem.
Q10Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2015
Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic?
- AKhangchendzonga National Park
- BNandadevi National Park
- CNeora Valley National Park
- DNamdapha National ParkCorrect
Explanation
Correct. Namdapha in Arunachal Pradesh ranges from about 200 m to over 4,500 m, encompassing tropical, subtropical, temperate and near-arctic climatic zones.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Khangchendzonga spans a wide altitude range but its lower zones are mostly temperate rather than truly tropical.
- Option B
Nandadevi is mostly at high elevations (temperate to arctic) and does not extend into the tropical zone.
- Option C
Neora Valley covers subtropical to temperate zones but does not reach from tropical all the way to arctic conditions.
Q11Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2014
Consider the following pairs:
National Park : State
1. Eravikulam : Kerala
2. Kuno-Palpur : Madhya Pradesh
3. Sultanpur : Rajasthan
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
- A1 and 2 only
- B3 only
- C1 and 3 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. Eravikulam National Park is in Kerala (pair 1 correct) and Kuno-Palpur is in Madhya Pradesh (pair 2 correct). Sultanpur National Park is in Haryana, not Rajasthan (pair 3 incorrect).
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Kuno-Palpur is correctly located in Madhya Pradesh, but Sultanpur National Park is in Haryana, not Rajasthan. Wait — this answer claims pair 2 is correct. Actually Kuno National Park is indeed in Madhya Pradesh, so pair 2 is correct; however the original PYQ answer key marks (c).
- Option B
Sultanpur National Park is in Haryana, not Rajasthan, so pair 3 is incorrect. This option is wrong.
- Option D
Sultanpur National Park is located in Gurugram district, Haryana, not in Rajasthan. Pair 3 is wrong.
Q12Environment·Protected Areas and Conservation FrameworksPYQ 2014
Consider the following pairs:
Wetland : Confluence of rivers
1. Harike Wetlands : Confluence of Beas and Satluj
2. Keoladeo Ghana National Park : Confluence of Banas and Chambal
3. Kolleru Lake : Confluence of Musi and Krishna
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
- A1 onlyCorrect
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. Only Harike Wetlands lies at the confluence of the Beas and Satluj rivers in Punjab. Keoladeo is fed by the Gambhir and Banganga rivers (not Banas-Chambal), and Kolleru lies between the Krishna and Godavari deltas (not Musi-Krishna).
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Keoladeo is not at the Banas-Chambal confluence, and Kolleru is between the Krishna and Godavari systems, not fed by the Musi.
- Option C
Kolleru Lake is situated between the Krishna and Godavari deltas in Andhra Pradesh, not at the confluence of Musi and Krishna.
- Option D
Only pair 1 is correct. The river associations for Keoladeo and Kolleru are both wrong.