Environment chapter practice

Ecology Basics MCQs

Practise 80+ Ecology Basics MCQs for UPSC Prelims in Environment, including 24+ previous year questions. The sample set below is shown with correct answers and explanations.

80
questions
24
PYQs
12
visible samples

Sample Ecology Basics questions

12 sample questions are shown here; sign up free to practise all 80.

Q1EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2025

With reference to the planet Earth, consider the following statements: 1. Rain forests produce more oxygen than that produced by oceans. 2. Marine phytoplankton and photosynthetic bacteria produce about 50% of world's oxygen. 3. Well-oxygenated surface water contains several folds higher oxygen than that in atmospheric air. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  • A1 and 2
  • B2 onlyCorrect
  • C1 and 3
  • DNone of the above statements is correct

Explanation

Correct. Marine phytoplankton and cyanobacteria produce approximately 50% of Earth's oxygen. Rainforests do not outproduce oceans, and dissolved oxygen in surface water is far lower than atmospheric oxygen concentration.

Q2EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2024

Which one of the following shows a unique relationship with an insect that has co-evolved with it and that is the only insect that can pollinate this tree?

  • AFigCorrect
  • BMahua
  • CSandalwood
  • DSilk cotton

Explanation

Correct. Fig trees (Ficus) have an obligate mutualism with fig wasps (family Agaonidae); each fig species is pollinated exclusively by its specific wasp partner.

Q3EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2024

Consider the following statements: 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  • A1 and 2 onlyCorrect
  • B2 and 3 only
  • C1 and 3 only
  • D1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Correct. Lions breed throughout the year without a fixed season, and cheetahs lack the laryngeal anatomy to roar. Statement 3 is wrong because male leopards do scent-mark their territories.

Q4EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2024

The organisms "Cicada, Froghopper and Pond skater" are:

  • ABirds
  • BFish
  • CInsectsCorrect
  • DReptiles

Explanation

Correct. Cicadas (order Hemiptera), froghoppers (family Cercopidae), and pond skaters (family Gerridae) are all insects.

Q5EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2024

Consider the following: 1. Butterflies 2. Fish 3. Frogs How many of the above have poisonous species among them?

  • AOnly one
  • BOnly two
  • CAll threeCorrect
  • DNone

Explanation

Correct. Some butterflies (e.g., monarch) are toxic from plant alkaloids, certain fish (e.g., pufferfish) carry tetrodotoxin, and many frogs (e.g., poison dart frogs) secrete potent skin toxins.

Q6EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2024

Consider the following pairs: Country - Animal found in its natural habitat 1. Brazil - Indri 2. Indonesia - Elk 3. Madagascar - Bonobo How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

  • AOnly one
  • BOnly two
  • CAll three
  • DNoneCorrect

Explanation

Correct. Indri is endemic to Madagascar, Elk are native to North America and parts of Eurasia, and Bonobos are found only in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Q7EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2024

Consider the following plants: 1. Groundnut 2. Horse-gram 3. Soybean How many of the above belong to the pea family?

  • AOnly one
  • BOnly two
  • CAll threeCorrect
  • DNone

Explanation

Correct. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), horse-gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), and soybean (Glycine max) all belong to the family Fabaceae, commonly known as the pea or legume family.

Q8EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2023

Consider the following statements: 1. Some mushrooms have medicinal properties. 2. Some mushrooms have psycho-active properties. 3. Some mushrooms have insecticidal properties. 4. Some mushrooms have bioluminescent properties. How many of the above statements are correct?

  • AOnly one
  • BOnly two
  • COnly three
  • DAll fourCorrect

Explanation

Correct. Reishi and turkey tail have medicinal uses; psilocybin mushrooms are psychoactive; Beauveria bassiana-related fungi show insecticidal activity; and species like Mycena chlorophos are bioluminescent.

Q9EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2022

"If rainforests and tropical forests are the lungs of the Earth, then surely wetlands function as its kidneys." Which one of the following functions of wetlands best reflects the above statement?

  • AThe water cycle in wetlands involves surface runoff, subsoil percolation and evaporation
  • BAlgae form the nutrient base upon which fish, crustaceans, molluscs, birds, reptiles and mammals thrive
  • CWetlands play a vital role in maintaining sedimentation balance and soil stabilization
  • DAquatic plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrientsCorrect

Explanation

Correct. Kidneys filter toxins and waste from the body. Similarly, wetland plants absorb heavy metals and excess nutrients, purifying water — making this the best analogy.

Q10EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2021

Which of the following have species that can establish symbiotic relationship with other organisms? 1. Cnidarians 2. Fungi 3. Protozoa Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  • A1 and 2 only
  • B2 and 3 only
  • C1 and 3 only
  • D1, 2 and 3Correct

Explanation

Correct. Cnidarians (e.g., corals with zooxanthellae), fungi (e.g., mycorrhiza, lichens), and protozoa (e.g., gut flagellates in termites) all have well-known symbiotic species.

Q11EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2021

Which of the following are detritivores? 1. Earthworms 2. Jellyfish 3. Millipedes 4. Seahorses 5. Woodlice Select the correct answer using the code given below.

  • A1, 2 and 4 only
  • B2, 3, 4 and 5 only
  • C1, 3 and 5 onlyCorrect
  • D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Explanation

Correct. Earthworms, millipedes, and woodlice feed on decaying organic matter and are classic detritivores. Jellyfish and seahorses are predators.

Q12EnvironmentEcology BasicsPYQ 2019

Consider the following statements: 1. Some species of turtles are herbivores. 2. Some species of fish are herbivores. 3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores. 4. Some species of snakes are viviparous. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  • A1 and 3 only
  • B2, 3 and 4 only
  • C2 and 4 only
  • D1, 2, 3 and 4Correct

Explanation

Correct. Green turtles eat seagrass; parrotfish graze on algae; dugongs and manatees are herbivorous marine mammals; and boas and vipers give live birth.

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Frequently asked questions

How many Ecology Basics MCQs are available for UPSC Prelims practice?
PrelimsAI currently has 80+ Ecology Basics MCQs under Environment. This page shows 12 sample questions in full.
How many Ecology Basics previous year questions are included?
24+ questions in this chapter are tagged as UPSC Prelims PYQs. PYQs are prioritised in the visible sample set when available.
Do these Ecology Basics questions include explanations?
Yes. The 12 visible sample questions show the correct option and explanation on this page.
Where should I go after practising Ecology Basics?
Continue with Ecosystems and Ecological Relationships, or return to the Environment subject page for more chapter-wise practice.

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