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Q1Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in NewsPYQ 2018
"Rule of Law Index" is released by which of the following?
- AAmnesty International
- BInternational Court of Justice
- CThe Office of UN Commissioner for Human Rights
- DWorld Justice ProjectCorrect
Explanation
Correct. The Rule of Law Index is published annually by the World Justice Project, ranking countries on governance, accountability and justice indicators.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Amnesty International focuses on human rights advocacy and does not publish the Rule of Law Index.
- Option B
The ICJ adjudicates international disputes between states; it does not release comparative governance indices.
- Option C
The OHCHR monitors human rights but is not the publisher of the Rule of Law Index.
Q2Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in NewsPYQ 2016
Regarding 'DigiLocker', sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under Digital India Programme.
2. It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2Correct
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Correct. DigiLocker is a Digital India initiative offering a cloud-based platform to store and access official documents from anywhere.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Statement 2 is also correct; DigiLocker enables location-independent access to stored digital documents.
- Option B
Statement 1 is also correct; DigiLocker was launched as part of the Digital India Programme by the Government of India.
- Option D
Both statements are factually accurate and supported by the official DigiLocker portal.
Q3Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
Consider the following statements about the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT):
1. It was established under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 enacted under Article 323A of the Constitution.
2. It adjudicates disputes relating to recruitment and conditions of service of Central Government employees.
3. Appeals from CAT decisions go to the concerned High Court.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B1, 2 and 3Correct
- C1 and 3 only
- D2 and 3 only
Explanation
Correct. CAT was established under the 1985 Act (Article 323A), handles service matters of Central Government employees, and its orders are appealable to the High Court.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Statement 3 is also correct; following the L. Chandra Kumar judgment, CAT orders can be appealed to the High Court under its writ jurisdiction.
- Option C
Statement 2 is also correct; service disputes of Central Government employees are the CAT's primary jurisdiction.
- Option D
Statement 1 is also correct; Article 323A is the constitutional basis for administrative tribunals.
Q4Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
The Government of India's 'Mission Karmayogi', which has been in the news, is related to:
- ACapacity building and civil services reform for government employeesCorrect
- BProviding employment guarantee to rural youth
- CPromoting entrepreneurship among armed forces veterans
- DSkilling urban unemployed youth through public-private partnerships
Explanation
Correct. Mission Karmayogi (National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building) aims to transform capacity building in the civil services through a competency-driven framework and the iGOT Karmayogi digital platform.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Rural employment guarantee is under MGNREGA, not Mission Karmayogi.
- Option C
Veteran entrepreneurship programmes are separate from this civil services reform initiative.
- Option D
Urban skilling is addressed by different schemes; Mission Karmayogi focuses on existing government employees.
Q5Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
Which of the following bodies is responsible for conducting elections to Panchayats and Municipalities in India?
- AElection Commission of India
- BState Election CommissionCorrect
- CDistrict Magistrate of the concerned district
- DNational Commission for Local Self-Government
Explanation
Correct. Under Articles 243K and 243ZA, the State Election Commission superintends and controls elections to Panchayats and Municipalities.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
The Election Commission of India conducts elections for Parliament and State Legislatures, not local body elections.
- Option C
The District Magistrate may assist in the process but is not the constitutional authority for local body elections.
- Option D
No such body as the National Commission for Local Self-Government exists under Indian law.
Q6Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
Consider the following statements about the National Investigation Agency (NIA):
1. It was established in the wake of the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.
2. It can investigate terror-related cases across India without requiring prior consent of State Governments.
3. It can probe offences committed outside India if they affect Indian citizens or Indian interests.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3Correct
Explanation
Correct. The NIA was created post-26/11, operates without state consent for scheduled offences, and post-2019 amendment can probe offences committed abroad affecting Indian citizens.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Statement 3 is also correct; the NIA Act was amended to allow investigation of offences committed outside India under certain conditions.
- Option B
Statement 1 is also correct; the NIA was constituted following the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
- Option C
Statement 2 is also correct; the NIA does not need state consent to investigate scheduled offences.
Q7Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
Consider the following statements about the Enforcement Directorate (ED):
1. It investigates offences under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).
2. It also enforces the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA).
3. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B1 only
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. The ED investigates money laundering under PMLA and enforces FEMA provisions. It functions under the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance, not the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Statement 2 is also correct; FEMA enforcement is a core function of the ED.
- Option C
Statement 1 is also correct, and statement 3 is wrong because the ED falls under the Ministry of Finance.
- Option D
Statement 3 is incorrect; the ED is under the Ministry of Finance, not the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Q8Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023, which was in the news, primarily aims to:
- AAllow private sector participation in the exploration and mining of critical and strategic minerals including lithiumCorrect
- BNationalise all mineral resources and ban private mining completely
- CTransfer all mining regulation powers from the Centre to State Governments
- DEstablish a new mineral regulatory authority to replace the Indian Bureau of Mines
Explanation
Correct. The 2023 Amendment added critical minerals like lithium to the list allowing private sector auction-based mining, previously reserved for government entities.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
The Act does the opposite — it opens up critical mineral mining to the private sector.
- Option C
The Act retains the Centre's role in regulating major minerals while allowing states to auction certain minerals.
- Option D
The Act does not replace the Indian Bureau of Mines with a new body.
Q9Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
Consider the following statements about the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI):
1. It is the regulator for insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
2. It registers insolvency professional agencies and information utilities.
3. It was established by a constitutional amendment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B1, 2 and 3
- C1 only
- D2 and 3 only
Explanation
Correct. IBBI regulates insolvency proceedings and registers insolvency professionals, agencies, and information utilities. It was established by the IBC statute, not a constitutional amendment.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Statement 3 is incorrect; IBBI is a statutory body under the IBC, not a constitutional body.
- Option C
Statement 2 is also correct; registration of professional agencies and information utilities is a key IBBI function.
- Option D
Statement 1 is also correct, and statement 3 is wrong about its constitutional origin.
Q10Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
The concept of 'Cooperative Federalism' often seen in news in the Indian context refers to:
- AA system where only the Union Government makes all policy decisions and states merely implement them
- BA system where the Union and State Governments cooperate and coordinate to achieve shared governance objectivesCorrect
- CA system where States have complete autonomy without any Union Government involvement
- DA system where foreign governments cooperate with India on federal governance issues
Explanation
Correct. Cooperative federalism envisions the Centre and States working as partners, sharing resources and coordinating policies for effective governance.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
This describes a unitary system rather than cooperative federalism.
- Option C
Complete state autonomy without central involvement describes a confederation, not cooperative federalism.
- Option D
Cooperative federalism is about Centre-State relations within India, not international cooperation.
Q11Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
Consider the following statements about the National Commission for Minorities (NCM):
1. It is a statutory body established under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.
2. It can look into complaints regarding deprivation of rights and safeguards of minorities.
3. Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Zoroastrians (Parsis) and Jains are notified as minority communities at the national level.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B1, 2 and 3Correct
- C2 and 3 only
- D1 and 3 only
Explanation
Correct. The NCM is a statutory body that handles minority rights complaints, and all six listed communities are notified minorities at the national level.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option A
Statement 3 is also correct; all six communities are notified as national minorities.
- Option C
Statement 1 is also correct; the NCM is established under the 1992 Act.
- Option D
Statement 2 is also correct; complaint handling is a key function of the NCM.
Q12Current Affairs·Polity, Governance and Institutions in News
The 105th Constitutional Amendment Act, recently discussed in the news, is related to:
- ARestoring the power of State Governments to identify and notify Other Backward ClassesCorrect
- BExtending reservation for SC/ST in legislatures for another ten years
- CGranting constitutional status to the National Human Rights Commission
- DRaising the upper limit of reservation beyond 50 per cent
Explanation
Correct. The 105th Amendment restored the power of State Governments to prepare their own lists of socially and educationally backward classes, which the 102nd Amendment had inadvertently centralised.
Why the other options are incorrect
- Option B
Extension of SC/ST legislative reservation is dealt with by separate constitutional amendments (e.g., 104th Amendment).
- Option C
The NHRC was established by a parliamentary statute, not a constitutional amendment.
- Option D
The 50 per cent ceiling on reservation is a judicial principle from the Indra Sawhney case and was not altered by the 105th Amendment.