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Q1Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced TechnologyPYQ 2025
Consider the following statements:
1. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.
2. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).
3. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 onlyCorrect
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. The Majorana 1 chip, developed by Microsoft, is designed to advance quantum computing using topological qubits. Deep learning is indeed a subset of machine learning that uses multi-layered neural networks.
Q2Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced TechnologyPYQ 2020
With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following?
1. Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units
2. Create meaningful short stories and songs
3. Disease diagnosis
4. Text-to-Speech Conversion
5. Wireless transmission of electrical energy
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- A1, 2, 3 and 5 only
- B1, 3 and 4 onlyCorrect
- C2, 4 and 5 only
- D1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Explanation
Correct. AI can optimise industrial energy usage, assist in medical diagnosis, and perform text-to-speech conversion. At the time of the question, AI could not reliably create meaningful creative works, and wireless energy transmission is unrelated to AI.
Q3Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Consider the following statements about 'quantum key distribution' (QKD):
1. QKD uses principles of quantum mechanics to enable secure communication.
2. Any attempt to intercept the key disturbs the quantum states and can be detected.
3. QKD has been demonstrated over satellite links by China's Micius satellite.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- A1 and 2 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3Correct
Explanation
Correct. QKD exploits quantum properties for secure key exchange, any interception is detectable, and China demonstrated this via the Micius satellite.
Q4Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
In the context of quantum computing, 'quantum decoherence' refers to:
- AThe process of converting quantum data into classical data for display
- BLoss of quantum properties due to interaction of qubits with the external environmentCorrect
- CThe increase in computing speed as more qubits are added
- DA method for correcting errors in quantum calculations
Explanation
Correct. Quantum decoherence occurs when qubits interact with their environment, causing loss of superposition and entanglement — the very properties that give quantum computers their advantage.
Q5Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Which of the following best describes 'adversarial attacks' in AI?
- APhysical attacks on data centre buildings by rival companies
- BDeliberately crafted inputs designed to fool AI models into making incorrect predictionsCorrect
- CLegal disputes between AI companies over patent rights
- DThe competition between two AI companies to dominate the market
Explanation
Correct. Adversarial attacks involve subtly modifying inputs (e.g., adding imperceptible noise to images) to cause AI models to misclassify or produce erroneous outputs, exposing vulnerabilities in machine learning systems.
Q6Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Which of the following is an application of 'Natural Language Processing' (NLP) in governance?
- AAutomated translation of government documents into multiple regional languagesCorrect
- BManufacturing of semiconductors for government data centres
- CPhysical delivery of government letters through postal drones
- DDesigning bridges using computer-aided engineering software
Explanation
Correct. NLP powers machine translation systems that can automatically translate government documents, enabling multilingual governance and wider citizen access to information.
Q7Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Consider the following statements about 'Large Language Models' (LLMs):
1. They are trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate human language.
2. GPT and BERT are examples of large language models.
3. LLMs require no computing resources and can run on any basic calculator.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B1 only
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. LLMs learn language patterns from massive text corpora, and GPT (by OpenAI) and BERT (by Google) are prominent examples. Statement 3 is false as LLMs require substantial computing infrastructure with GPUs or TPUs.
Q8Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Consider the following statements about 'quantum advantage':
1. It refers to a quantum computer solving a practical, real-world problem faster than any classical computer.
2. Quantum advantage has been fully demonstrated for all types of computational problems.
3. Potential early applications include drug discovery, optimisation problems, and cryptography.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 and 3 onlyCorrect
- B1 only
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. Quantum advantage means a quantum computer outperforms classical machines on a useful real-world problem. Drug discovery, logistics optimisation, and breaking classical encryption are prime candidate applications. Statement 2 is wrong because quantum advantage has not been demonstrated for all problems — it is limited to specific problem classes.
Q9Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Consider the following statements regarding 'quantum entanglement':
1. When two particles are entangled, measuring one instantly determines the state of the other regardless of distance.
2. Quantum entanglement can be used to transmit information faster than light.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A1 onlyCorrect
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Correct. Entangled particles show correlated measurement outcomes instantaneously. However, this correlation alone cannot transmit usable information faster than light, as a classical channel is still needed to interpret results.
Q10Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
Which of the following technologies use(s) LIDAR?
1. Autonomous vehicles for obstacle detection
2. Archaeological surveys for discovering hidden structures under forest canopy
3. Meteorological radar for weather forecasting
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- A1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B2 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Correct. LIDAR is used in autonomous vehicles for 3D mapping and obstacle detection, and in archaeology to reveal structures beneath dense vegetation. Meteorological radar uses radio waves (RADAR), not laser-based LIDAR.
Q11Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
In the context of AI, 'bias in algorithms' most commonly arises from:
- AUsing too powerful a computer for training
- BBiased or unrepresentative training data reflecting societal prejudicesCorrect
- CRunning the algorithm for too many training cycles
- DUsing open-source software instead of proprietary software
Explanation
Correct. Algorithmic bias primarily stems from training data that reflects existing societal inequalities, historical prejudices, or unrepresentative sampling, leading the model to perpetuate those biases.
Q12Science·Robotics, AI and Advanced Technology
In the context of advanced technology, 'digital twin' refers to:
- AA backup copy of all data stored in a cloud server
- BA virtual replica of a physical asset, process, or system updated with real-time dataCorrect
- CTwo identical computers running the same software simultaneously
- DA duplicate SIM card used for two-factor authentication
Explanation
Correct. A digital twin is a dynamic virtual model of a physical object or system that uses real-time data from sensors and IoT devices to simulate, predict, and optimise performance.