Indian Economy chapter practice

Inflation & Price Indices MCQs

Practise 80+ Inflation & Price Indices MCQs for UPSC Prelims in Indian Economy, including 14+ previous year questions. The sample set below is shown with correct answers and explanations.

80
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14
PYQs
12
visible samples

Sample Inflation & Price Indices questions

12 sample questions are shown here; sign up free to practise all 80.

Q1Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2022

Inflation Indexed Bonds (IIBs) issued by the Government of India are designed to:

  • AProvide investors with returns that adjust for inflation, protecting real valueCorrect
  • BAllow banks to lend at zero interest during high inflation
  • CReplace the need for a monetary policy committee
  • DGuarantee a fixed nominal return regardless of price changes

Explanation

Correct. IIBs link the principal and/or coupon to an inflation index, thereby offering real-return protection to investors.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because IIBs are government securities, not lending instruments for banks at zero interest.

Option C

This is incorrect because IIBs are a debt instrument and do not substitute for monetary policy institutions.

Option D

This is incorrect because The point of IIBs is that returns adjust with inflation rather than staying nominally fixed.

Q2Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2021

Which of the following is the most inflationary method of financing a government's budget deficit?

  • ACreation of new money to finance the deficitCorrect
  • BBorrowing from the public through government bonds
  • CRaising income tax rates
  • DRepaying existing public debt

Explanation

Correct. Monetization of the deficit directly increases money supply without a corresponding rise in output, making it the most inflationary financing method.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because Borrowing from the public merely transfers existing purchasing power from the public to the government.

Option C

This is incorrect because Higher taxes reduce disposable income and private demand, which is contractionary rather than inflationary.

Option D

This is incorrect because Debt repayment is not a method of deficit financing.

Q3Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2021

Demand-pull inflation is most likely to arise when:

  • AAggregate demand rises faster than the economy's productive capacityCorrect
  • BThere is a sharp increase in production with no rise in demand
  • CIndirect taxes are abolished permanently
  • DImported crude prices collapse

Explanation

Correct. Demand-pull inflation occurs when excess demand chases available output.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because That would not create demand-pull pressure.

Option C

This is incorrect because That is not the standard definition of demand-pull inflation.

Option D

This is incorrect because A fall in imported crude prices would not normally cause demand-pull inflation.

Q4Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2020

With reference to CPI and WPI in India, consider the following statements: 1. CPI assigns a much larger weight to food than WPI. 2. WPI includes services with significant weight. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  • A1 onlyCorrect
  • B2 only
  • CBoth 1 and 2
  • DNeither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Correct. CPI does give larger weight to food, while WPI traditionally excludes services; therefore only Statement 1 is correct.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because WPI does not significantly include services in the traditional series.

Option C

This is incorrect because Statement 2 is incorrect.

Option D

This is incorrect because Statement 1 is correct.

Q5Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2015

Inflation can be controlled, among other methods, by reducing the circulation of money in the economy. This is because:

  • ALower money circulation can reduce aggregate demand pressuresCorrect
  • BMoney supply has no relation to prices
  • CPrices always fall automatically when taxes are cut
  • DProduction rises instantly whenever cash is withdrawn

Explanation

Correct. Tighter liquidity curbs spending pressure and can help moderate inflation.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because Monetary conditions do influence inflation.

Option C

This is incorrect because Tax changes do not guarantee automatic price declines.

Option D

This is incorrect because Supply response is not instantaneous.

Q6Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2015

Which agency has historically compiled the Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers, a widely cited CPI series in India?

  • ALabour BureauCorrect
  • BSEBI
  • CNational Payments Corporation of India
  • DCompetition Commission of India

Explanation

Correct. The Labour Bureau has historically compiled the CPI-IW series.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because SEBI is a securities market regulator.

Option C

This is incorrect because NPCI runs payment infrastructure, not price statistics.

Option D

This is incorrect because CCI is unrelated to price index compilation.

Q7Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2013

Inflation generally benefits which of the following, other things remaining the same?

  • ADebtorsCorrect
  • BCreditors receiving fixed repayments
  • CHolders of idle cash balances
  • DPeople on fixed nominal pensions

Explanation

Correct. When prices rise unexpectedly, debtors repay with money whose purchasing power has fallen.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because Fixed-income creditors lose in real terms when inflation rises unexpectedly.

Option C

This is incorrect because Idle cash loses purchasing power under inflation.

Option D

This is incorrect because Fixed nominal incomes are hurt by inflation.

Q8Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2013

A rise in the general level of prices may be caused by which of the following? 1. Increase in money supply 2. Decrease in aggregate production 3. Increase in effective demand Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  • A1, 2 and 3Correct
  • B1 and 2 only
  • C2 and 3 only
  • D1 only

Explanation

Correct. All three can create upward pressure on prices: more money, lower supply, and stronger demand.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because Increase in effective demand can also raise the general price level.

Option C

This is incorrect because Increase in money supply can also be inflationary.

Option D

This is incorrect because The other two can also contribute to inflation.

Q9Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2011

Economic growth is often associated with moderate inflation because:

  • AExpanding demand and investment can put upward pressure on pricesCorrect
  • BGrowth always produces deflation
  • CGrowth eliminates all supply bottlenecks
  • DHyperinflation is a necessary feature of growth

Explanation

Correct. During growth phases, rising demand and capacity constraints can generate moderate inflation.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because That is not generally true.

Option C

This is incorrect because Growth can coexist with bottlenecks.

Option D

This is incorrect because Hyperinflation is abnormal and harmful, not a necessary feature of growth.

Q10Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2011

India has at times experienced persistent food inflation due to which of the following? 1. Changes in dietary patterns toward protein-rich food 2. Supply bottlenecks in agricultural marketing and storage 3. Rising input costs in agriculture Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  • A1 and 2 only
  • B1, 2 and 3Correct
  • C2 and 3 only
  • D1 only

Explanation

Correct. Dietary shifts, supply bottlenecks and higher input costs can all sustain food inflation.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option A

This is incorrect because Rising input costs are also a significant contributor to food inflation.

Option C

This is incorrect because Dietary shifts toward protein-rich items have also been cited as a cause.

Option D

This is incorrect because Food inflation is driven by multiple supply and demand factors.

Q11Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2011

In inflation measurement, the term "base effect" refers to:

  • AThe impact of the previous year's price level on the current inflation rateCorrect
  • BA permanent increase in money multiplier
  • CThe fiscal deficit financed through RBI printing
  • DA fall in the rupee against foreign currencies

Explanation

Correct. Inflation is measured relative to a base period, so an unusually high or low base changes the measured rate.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because That is not what base effect means.

Option C

This is incorrect because That is not the definition of base effect.

Option D

This is incorrect because Exchange-rate movement is a separate issue.

Q12Indian EconomyInflation & Price IndicesPYQ 2010

Deflation means:

  • AA persistent fall in the general price levelCorrect
  • BA fall in the rate of inflation while prices still rise
  • CDepreciation of the domestic currency
  • DA recession in the financial sector only

Explanation

Correct. Deflation is a sustained decline in the overall price level.

Why the other options are incorrect
Option B

This is incorrect because That is disinflation, not deflation.

Option C

This is incorrect because Currency depreciation is a foreign-exchange concept.

Option D

This is incorrect because Deflation is a price-level concept, not a sector-specific slowdown.

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Frequently asked questions

How many Inflation & Price Indices MCQs are available for UPSC Prelims practice?
PrelimsAI currently has 80+ Inflation & Price Indices MCQs under Indian Economy. This page shows 12 sample questions in full.
How many Inflation & Price Indices previous year questions are included?
14+ questions in this chapter are tagged as UPSC Prelims PYQs. PYQs are prioritised in the visible sample set when available.
Do these Inflation & Price Indices questions include explanations?
Yes. The 12 visible sample questions show the correct option and explanation on this page.
Where should I go after practising Inflation & Price Indices?
Continue with Financial Markets or External Sector & Trade, or return to the Indian Economy subject page for more chapter-wise practice.

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