Indian Economy chapter practice

Sustainable Development MCQs

Practise 80+ Sustainable Development MCQs for UPSC Prelims in Indian Economy, including 8+ previous year questions. The sample set below is shown with correct answers and explanations.

80
questions
8
PYQs
12
visible samples

Sample Sustainable Development questions

12 sample questions are shown here; sign up free to practise all 80.

Q1Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2025

With reference to BRSR (Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting), consider the following statements: 1. RBI mandates all listed companies to file BRSR. 2. BRSR disclosures are largely non-financial in nature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  • A1 only
  • B2 onlyCorrect
  • CBoth 1 and 2
  • DNeither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Correct. Sustainability reporting covers non-financial disclosures such as environmental, social and governance practices.

Q2Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2025

Consider the following statements about circular economy: 1. It aims to reduce raw material use. 2. It seeks to reduce production waste. 3. It can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  • A1 and 2 only
  • B2 and 3 only
  • C1 and 3 only
  • D1, 2 and 3Correct

Explanation

Correct. Circular economy emphasizes reuse, repair, recycling and resource efficiency, which reduce raw material extraction, waste and emissions.

Q3Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2025

Which of the following statements about PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana is correct?

  • AIt targets rooftop solar adoption at the household levelCorrect
  • BIt is a scheme for coal mine rehabilitation
  • CIt is a programme to expand diesel gensets in villages
  • DIt is unrelated to renewable energy

Explanation

Correct. The scheme promotes rooftop solar for households and supports adoption, implementation and related skilling.

Q4Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2023

Carbon markets are primarily designed to:

  • AFix retail fuel prices
  • BCreate tradable instruments linked to emission reductions or emission allowancesCorrect
  • CReplace all environmental regulation
  • DTransfer resources only from private firms to the government

Explanation

Correct. Carbon markets put a price on carbon by allowing trading of emission permits or credits linked to emission reduction.

Q5Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2023

Green hydrogen can help decarbonize which of the following? 1. Fertilizer plants 2. Oil refineries 3. Steel plants Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  • A1 and 2 only
  • B2 and 3 only
  • C1 and 3 only
  • D1, 2 and 3Correct

Explanation

Correct. Green hydrogen can substitute fossil-based hydrogen and help decarbonize fertilizer, refining and steel production.

Q6Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2021

With reference to 'Water Credit', consider the following statements: 1. It puts microfinance tools to work in the water and sanitation sector. 2. It is a global initiative under the aegis of WHO and the World Bank. 3. It enables poor people to meet their water needs without depending on subsidies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  • A1 and 2 only
  • B2 and 3 only
  • C1 and 3 onlyCorrect
  • D1, 2 and 3

Explanation

Correct. Water Credit is an innovative approach by Water.org that leverages microfinance to help low-income households access affordable water and sanitation solutions without depending on subsidies.

Q7Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2018

The PAGE initiative in the environmental policy context stands for:

  • APartnership for Action on Green EconomyCorrect
  • BPlatform for Agricultural Green Exports
  • CProgramme for Atomic Generation Efficiency
  • DPublic Alliance for Green Energy

Explanation

Correct. PAGE stands for Partnership for Action on Green Economy and supports countries in building greener and more inclusive economies.

Q8Indian EconomySustainable DevelopmentPYQ 2018

Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE) is most closely linked with the idea that:

  • AEnvironmental sustainability and economic inclusion can be pursued togetherCorrect
  • BGreen growth requires abandonment of employment concerns
  • COnly developed countries can pursue green transitions
  • DClimate policy is unrelated to development planning

Explanation

Correct. PAGE promotes policy approaches that link environmental sustainability with decent jobs, inclusion and structural transformation.

Q9Indian EconomySustainable Development

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement? 1. The Kyoto Protocol imposed binding emission reduction targets only on developed countries. 2. The Paris Agreement requires all parties to submit Nationally Determined Contributions. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  • A1 only
  • B2 only
  • CBoth 1 and 2Correct
  • DNeither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Correct. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) followed a top-down approach with binding targets for Annex I (developed) countries, while the Paris Agreement (2015) adopted a bottom-up approach where all parties submit NDCs.

Q10Indian EconomySustainable Development

The concept of 'Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities' (CBDR-RC) in climate negotiations implies:

  • AAll countries must reduce emissions by exactly the same percentage
  • BDeveloped countries bear greater responsibility due to historical emissions and higher capacityCorrect
  • COnly developing countries need to take climate action
  • DClimate change is not a shared global challenge

Explanation

Correct. CBDR-RC, enshrined in the UNFCCC and reaffirmed in the Paris Agreement, recognises that while all countries share the responsibility, developed nations bear more due to their historical emissions and greater economic capacity.

Q11Indian EconomySustainable Development

Which of the following best describes the Ethanol Blending Programme in India?

  • AA programme to completely replace diesel with ethanol in heavy vehicles
  • BA programme to blend ethanol with petrol to reduce fossil fuel dependence and vehicular emissionsCorrect
  • CA programme to export surplus sugarcane as ethanol to the EU
  • DA programme to subsidize ethanol consumption in the pharmaceutical industry

Explanation

Correct. India's Ethanol Blending Programme targets blending of ethanol with petrol (E20 target of 20 per cent blending by 2025-26) to reduce import dependence on crude oil and lower vehicular emissions.

Q12Indian EconomySustainable Development

Which of the following best captures the idea of climate finance?

  • AFinance raised only for conventional fossil-fuel exploration
  • BFinancial flows directed toward mitigation and adaptation activities related to climate changeCorrect
  • CLoans given only by IMF for fiscal consolidation
  • DBudget transfers limited to defence expenditure

Explanation

Correct. Climate finance refers to local, national or transnational financial resources that support mitigation, adaptation and resilience-related action.

Continue chapter practice

More UPSC Prelims practice

Frequently asked questions

How many Sustainable Development MCQs are available for UPSC Prelims practice?
PrelimsAI currently has 80+ Sustainable Development MCQs under Indian Economy. This page shows 12 sample questions in full.
How many Sustainable Development previous year questions are included?
8+ questions in this chapter are tagged as UPSC Prelims PYQs. PYQs are prioritised in the visible sample set when available.
Do these Sustainable Development questions include explanations?
Yes. The 12 visible sample questions show the correct option and explanation on this page.
Where should I go after practising Sustainable Development?
Continue with Economic Reforms since 1991, or return to the Indian Economy subject page for more chapter-wise practice.

Practise all Sustainable Development questions

Sign up free to unlock the full chapter set, timed mock tests, and progress analytics.